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Biodiversity of epigeic beetles in wheat and maize fields in conventional management
SLOVÁKOVÁ, Karolína
In 2016, a survey of the effect of conventional wheat and maize cultivation on the epigeic beetles biodiversity was conducted. The field selected for this survey fell into the cadastral area of České Budějovice and was located between the municipalities of Pašinovice and Římov. The agricultural cooperative Ločenice was operating in these fields. Using ground traps with ethylene glycol solution, between May and September, 622 beetles were captured. These were used to determine activity, dominance, biodiversity according to the Shannon-Weaver index (H), relictness and anthropogenic impact on communities of epigeic beetles in these localities. The highest activity was recorded in the corn field (353 pieces) and 269 pieces in the wheat field. The most frequent families of both localities were Carabidae and Staphylinidae. The most frequent species was Poecilus cupreus, found 153 times in the maize field and 140 times in the wheat field. Biodiversity has been low compared to other localities - H corn field 1,11 and H wheat field 0,87. Both sites proved to be very heavily influenced from the anthropogenic point of view - ISD maize field 1.5 and wheat field ISD 0. This value showed a 100 percent presence of expansive species in the wheat field. A very low number (9 pieces) of the 2nd order relics - adaptable species - was recorded in the maize field. Adaptable species were 2 of the family of Carabidae - Harpalus latus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Notiophilus biguttatus (Fabricius, 1778) and 3 of the Staphylinidae family: Othius punctulatus (Goeze, 1777), Philonthus quisquiliarius (Gyllenhal, 1810) and P. umbratilis (Gravenhorst, 1802). In neither field, as mentioned above, no relics of the 1st order - rare and endangered species were recorded. The results of this work were influenced by climatic conditions and movement of game during the sampling period.
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Road side verges in agricultural landscape and their biodiversity - epigeic beetles
JELÍNEK, Jan
The species diversity, aktivity, equitability and human impact were studied using epigeic beetle communities on transect whest field field trip and alfaalfa field. The materiál was collected by pitfall traps during the period Juni-September 20016 in cadastr of the town Písek in the Southern Bohemia. 38 species and 567 individuals were kept together. Activita of beetles differs in studied plots. The highest aktivity was found on fields and the lowest in field trip. Index of human impact was very similar on studied plots wheat 2,5, field trip 12, rape 0). I tis clear that alll studied are strongly impacted by human acticity. The frequency of relic species were (Dragons and Ground beetles) 20% only on all studied plots 80,00%. The adaptible species absent on field cultures and was found on field trip only. 6 species of adaptible (stenotopic) species were found on field trip only, but their aktivity were very low. The equitability of communities in filed plots was very low (2,331 2,474). The highest equitabilty was found on field trip (3,04). The ordination of commuties indicate the close similarity. The species diversaity is very similar in all communities on studied plots. We recommend the change of sowing management and the lower agrotechnic interference in studied locality. We recommend to enhance the plots of biocorridors and biocenters. The stuided field trip plays a role for the increse of the biodiversity of epigeic beetles, which are important for the reduction of pest organisms in agricultural landscape.
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Biodiversity of epigeic beetles in maize and raps fields
BRUSOVÁ, Dagmar
Thesis deals with the evaluation of the impact of the cultivation of oilseed rape (Brassica napus subsp. Napus) and maize (Zea mays L.) at the diversity and activity of communities epigeic beetles. Number of monocultures of energy crops grown in recent years, which has an impact on many different aspects of the landscape and the environment. Work provides data on the representation of individual species of beetles in epigeic energy crops and evaluate the key factors that affect the population of the species in question and the representation of individual species studied stands. In this work it is possible to get acquainted with the methodology of sampling, taxonomy basic types of statistical methods and evaluation samples.
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Military areas as biocentres in cultural landscape
VOTRUBEC, Martin
Communities of epigeic beetles were studied on two localities: Třebovice in the military area Boletice and Vadkov in the foodhill of Blanský les Landscape Protected Area in South Bohemia. The distance between localities is 7,25 km. Six biotopes were studied in both localities: grasslands, wetlands, fields, coniferous forest habitat, habitat mixed forest and deciduous forest habitat. Pitfall traps were used for collecting of material in period May - November 2012. Together 5 families (Carabidae, Elateridae, Silphidae, Curculionidae, Geotrupidae), 18 species and 1426 specimen of epigeic beetles were collected. Species were divided according to their ecological requirements of anthropogenic tolerancy into three groups (I and II relics and eurytopic species) (Boháč, 1999). In the monitored area Trebovice I found a total of 5 families with 16 species, compared to 3 for the families of the 11 species in Vadkov. The activity of beetles was very similar in both localities (Trebovice - 726 specimen, Vadkov - 700 specimen). The dominant families in number of species at both monitored localities family Carabid (Třebovice 9 species of Carabid, Vadkov 7 species Carabid). On the other side by carabid individuals was the activity distinctly higher in Třebovice (239 specimen carabid) than in Vadkov (38 specimen carabid). Adaptable species (RII 13 species) prevailed over expansionnists (E 5 species) in both localities. In the locality Třebovice was found 29.4% expansive species (E) against the area Vadkov 18.2% expansive species (E). Species that are tied to the habitats moderately influenced by man, known as relics of the second order (RII), in the vicinity of Třebovice occurred in 70.6% and in 81.8% Vadkov. Groups relics of the first order (RI) in the monitored areas were not detected. Index of human impact showed slightly better values at locations on the outskirts of Blanský les (Vadkov) (50%) than in the military area Třebovice (49,17%). Greater species diversity (Třebovice 16 species, Vadkov 11 species) and abundance (Třebovice 726 specimen, Vadkov 700 specimen) of beetles was in fond in the military area. This demonstrates that military area Boletice habitats are important for the survival of many species and serves as a source of biodiversity for neighboring stations.
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The effect of management by wheat for animal feeding and human food purposes on biodiversity of epigeic beetles
RYKLÍK, Stanislav
Communities of epigeic beetles were studied in 2 wheat fields (food wheat and feed wheat) in the southern part of the Czech Republic. Climatic and soil conditions on both fields were similar. There were differences between fields regarding field management of wheat: amount of artificial fertilizer, amount of pesticide, preceding crop, surrounding landscape. The higher amount of artificial fertilizer (+ 50 kg/ha of nitrate and + 50kg/ha DAM) and the Karben flo stefes fungicide was applied in food wheat. An intensive conventional system of cultivation is used in surrounding landscape. Epigeic beetles were caught by pitfall traps, 24 species, 6 families and 245 individuals were determined. The family Carabidae was dominant on both fields. Higher species diversity was observed in feed wheat, but this difference was imperceptible. Species were divided according to their ecological preference and human impact on communities was assessed. The field of feed wheat was less anthropogenic influenced but the difference was also imperceptible.
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Landscape structure and biodiversity - a proposal of landscape structure to reach higher biodiversity and sustainability in cadaster of Pěčín (Landscape Protected Area Orlické hory)
LEDEČOVÁ, Jana
In the present planning work there was studied the influence of anthropogenic load of the species of epigenic beetles in the cultural landscape. The landscape fragmentation has the primarily very significant impact on the ability of the survival of populations of beatle species. Using ground traps filled with ethylene glycol was realised capture of epigenic samples. The samples were classified according to the degree of tolerance to the antropogenic load into three groups. The first group forms eurytop samples with neutral habitat demands, which occurs in habitats very influenced by human being . The second group (RII) consists of more adaptable samples capable populate habitats medium influenced by man. The last one consists of samples with closest ecologic quantivalence - the relicts of I.cohort (R I). They have often character of relicts and in our monitored localities were not find on the whole. The traps were installed in four types of locations - cultural forest, wildlife corridor, field and along the stream. All the sites were located in the land register of the willage Pěčín in the part which is situated in the protected landscape area of Eagle mountains. The highest activity of samples and specimens was recorded in the field where predominated europyt sorts. In the other stations were higher occurence of more adaptable species. The land composition has the influence above all on the generic constitution of communities. In the landscape with a higher fragmentation and more land use predominate eurotop samples with less demands for habitat. Construed study confirmed this presumptions.
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Different type of biomass parcels after the harvest as a microbiotope for invertebrates
MACHOVEC, Jiří
Epigeic beetle communities were studied on four types of biomass bales in the cadastral unit Vrbice u Žitné, district Prachatice. Involved were bales a of grass silage stored on the edge of permanent grassland, on hay bales individually placed on permanent grassland , followed by straw bales scattered in the fields of arable land and straw bales stored on the edge of arable land. The first three types of bales were in position only few months (2-3), while straw bales at the fourth position had been more than one year. The sampling method was selected a sieving of detritus. In the bales of hay were found 9 species of 5 families. In hay bales were found 7 species of 4 families. In the straw bales (which spent in position less time - 3 months), were found 10 species of 6 families. In the bales which were in position 13 months, were found 14 species of 4 families. Index of anthropogenic influence on communities demonstrated that the positions are strongly influenced.
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The effect of management on biodiversity of forest ecosystems - epigeic beetles on selected habitats of Písecko
STLUKA, Petr
Communities of epigeic beetles were studied on three forest habitats with the different forms of management in South Bohemia area, Písek district, close from Zátaví village. Selected areas were located in territory of Zátavský forest. There were these habitats: clearing, young spruce forest stands (age 6 years) and spruce forest (age 50-70 years). The method of pitfall trapping was used for biological material capture. There were 1813 specimens and 63 species of epigeic beetles trapped and determined. The highest number of species and individuals was found in spruce young forest habitat (43 species, 786 specimens), than followed spruce mature forest habitat (26 species, 550 specimens) and glade habitat (35 species, 477 specimens). Most species of epigeic beetles from 63 aggregate number of species was classed like eurytops. There were also 15 adaptable species determinated and it was found 1 genus of relict from I. degree too. It was found that spruce forest, which seems like more mature in terms of succession than young forest or glade, had no highest number of species and individuals. Conversely the largest number of species and individuals was found in spruce young forest. Index of antropogenic influence proved relatively strong antropogenic effect all studied habitats in terms of epigeic beetles. Communities of beetles were least affected in spruce forest, than followed young spruce forest and glade. From this point of view, intensity of management had the most effect on glade´s communities of beetles. Mature spruce forest had the least antropogenic influence on communities of beetles.
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Military areas as biocentres
DEDEK, Jaromír
Communities of epigeic beetles were studied in the army training areas Dobrá Voda and Boletice. Three biotopes (spruce forest, meadow, wetland) were monitored using pitfall traps with ethylenglykol from May to September 2012. Altogether 50 species were found in Boletice and 32 species in Dobrá voda. Species richness and abundance were higher in Boletice. The protected species Carabus scheidleri was indicated in Boletice. In the Dobrá Voda other great Carabus species were found (e.g. Carabus auronitens auronitens, Carabus granulatus granulatus, Carabus nemoralis nemoralis, Carabus sylvestris sylvestris, Carabus violaceus violaceus). The hiogh frequency (60 %) of eurytopic species was typical on both territories. It seems (after our results), that the initial successional stages support the higher biodiversity of epigeic beetles in both territories. It is the reason that we recommend the active management in non forested areas (cutting of ingrowing plants or the training activities of army in territory with army training, or pasturing, training of cars and motorcycles, etc. in abandoned training areas). The forested areas should be under natural succession.
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The effect of the construction of road bypasses by Klatovy on biodiversity
ŠIZLINGOVÁ, Václava
The theme of this thesis was the influence of the construction of ring road Klatovy and adjacent communities on the landscape and biodiversity (fauna and flora). Road bypass Klatovy best solution would be to reduce noise and emission limits for residents of the city center and surrounding villages. The work was described and compared to the previous (1997) and the current status of the territories. The bypass was assessed in terms of impact on landscape and biodiversity based on the evaluation of environmental impact, not only in my own observation, but also according to the results that emerged from the EIA process. Structure was evaluated invertebrate communities epigeických to pass the planned route in all its variants. In the section I and II. bypass was in the process of EIA (1997) and my own observations assessed and evaluated only one option which was selected in the previous period as the most suitable. In section III. bypass has been assessed and evaluated five options V1 - V5. The EIA process has been selected as the most suitable variant V4, both in terms of impact on landscape, biodiversity, and on the population. The suitability of the V4 variant was also confirmed by my own observations. After their evaluation, I concluded that the bypass, although this variant cross turfy stream, but the forest reaches a minimum. The route passes through predominantly agricultural landscape management, which is already burdened in this area the existence of bike paths and rail corridors.
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